E toru momo o hinonga pakihi i roto i te Russia: te iti kamupene taunahatanga (LLC) (Russian, OOO), ngātahi-te kamupene rakau (JSC), me te honongaKo te tuatahi e rua o enei e ngātahi-te kamupene rakau (i roto i te e ko ratou i puritia e ratou te kaipupuri), me te whai i te time limited taunahatanga (i te mua e te anake te tika mo te kamupene o te nama ki te uara mata o te hea). E rua ngā momo o te Russian ngātahi-te kamupene rakau, public ('tuwhera'), me te tūmataiti ('katia'). Kaiwhakatū o te joint-stock company haina i te whakaaetanga i tuhituhia mo tona hanganga. Tenei kawenata, whakau ana ngā tukanga mō te hanga i te kamupene, pērā i te rahi o te mana whakapaipai, momo, me te kāwai o te hea, i te utu o te hea, ko te tikanga mo te ki te whakatau i te utu, me ngā motika me ngā kawenga o te kaiwhakatū. Tenei kawenata, ka riro i te whakahaere tūtohinga, kei roto ngā mōhiohio i runga i te ingoa o te kamupene, i te wāhi o te tari, i te momo o te kamupene tūmataiti ranei kati, me ētahi atu mōhiohio tauwhāiti i runga i hea, whakapaipai, me te pera i runga i. Ko te kamupene hea te wahi i runga i te pūaotanga o te kamupene me te e kakato utua i roto i te tau, i te kamupene o niu, ki te kore he poto te wā e hiahiatia ana e te pūaotanga o te kirimana. Heoi, i te te iti rawa te hawhe o nga hea, me te kia utua i roto i nga marama e toru, i timata mai i te āhua i te rēhitatanga o te kamupene. Ahakoa te faaite kua oti nei te utua e kore e tika te hoatu i te mana pōti ki tona rangatira.
Ngātahi-te kamupene rakau e hiahiatia ana ki te rēhita i te take o hea ki te Russian Federal Peeke, Hokohoko Kōmihana, i na hea e taea te hoko rānei i te ra ranei i roto i te iti te maha o te iwi.
Mo te rēhita, te huinga o ngā tuhinga me tuku ki te FSMC, me te tukanga i te nuinga o te wā e toru tekau nga ra i ki te hanga. Open joint-stock company ko te ture hinonga wahi hea kia hoko nuitia, kahore te whakaaetanga o te tahi atu kaipupuri. He OAO taea e te tuwha i ona hea ki te here i te maha o hea, me te hoko ia ratou kahore he fakangatangata. Katia joint-stock company ko te ture hinonga nei o ratou hea kei te tohaina i roto i te iti te maha o hea - mōrahi. Te ture iti tūtohinga whakapaipai, Russian roubles I roto i Russia, he JSC taea e kia tino ranei wāhanga whenua e te kāwanatanga e hānga ana. Taua JSCs he rerekē i tetahi atu momo o te kāwanatanga-te mana kamupene, te unitary enterprise (he arumoni whakahaere e mahi kāwanatanga-fatuhia rawa). State-owned JSCs e kore e ake i whakahaere ranei i tetahi kāwanatanga taonga, me te āhua mahi, rite noa te mau kaipupuri. I te tahi state-owned tūmatanui corporations i mua pokapū kāwanatanga i roto i te Union Soviet i whakarite anōtia ki roto ki te tino state-owned JSCs i roto i te - i roto i te tikanga ki te mamae i te whakawhiti ki te tino motuhake te mahi. Te whakahaere a te poari o te kaiwhakahaere i roto i taua state-owned corporations i whakaritea e te Kaunihera o te Minita o te kāwanatanga, me ngā tihi āpiha a te kāwanatanga, me te minita.
Ko te nui o taua corporations i te tīmatanga whakaurua rite Russian ngātahi-te kamupene rakau (Russian, haapotohia rite RAO). Pai mohiotia tauira i RAO UES me te RAO Gazprom Ko ratou kua mai kua tahuri ki te public JSCs, ahakoa to ratou hea i noho ki nga taonga o te kāwanatanga.
Iti nui JSCs, ranei te JSCs anake wāhanga whenua e te kāwanatanga, whakahaere i roto i te Federal Māngai mō te Kāwanatanga te Whakahaere i ngā Rawa. I te joint-stock company e whakaatu ana i te maha o painga whakaritea ki te angamaheni te mahi whakatū, i te pikaunga a te hanga i tētahi JSC tikanga e tami e o te private limited kamupene. Ko te rawa pono i roto i Russia reira i te tomuri nui te ture, me te uiui i te mau tamataraa e anga tūmanako kaipakihi nuinga werowero i te nuinga o i te tīmata i te JSC. Waho i te hiahia ki te puta i hea i roto i te private limited kamupene, hanga i te reira private limited kamupene nui ake ngāwari, ina whakatika te hiahia mō ngā mema ki te huri i te tūtohinga whakapaipai o te kamupene.
I tua atu, he private limited kamupene e taea ngātahi takitahi ranei te pupuri i te iti rawa i te kotahi tekau i te moni i roto i te kamupene o te tūtohinga whakapaipai, me te kore e te reira i te kaha ki te tono i te marae pei i tetahi atu kaiuru.
Te katoa o e kore e taea tenei i roto i te joint-stock company, ranei prohibitively uaua.
